Shepherd’s Huts - Barraca de Curucull
Barraca de Curucull
The "Barraca de Curucull" is a traditional dry-stone shepherd's hut found in Mallorca, particularly near areas like S'Amarador and Santanyí. These structures, some dating back to the 14th century, were primarily used as shelters for forest workers, charcoal burners, limestone workers, seaweed collectors, wood collectors, quarrymen, woodsmen, fishermen, coastguards, snow workers, and sometimes, livestock.
Tradition and Use:
These huts served as temporary shelters for various rural activities, providing protection from the elements during work in the fields, forests, or coastal areas. Their simple yet effective design reflects the practical needs of the workers and the availability of local materials.
Materials and Construction:
Constructed using dry-stone techniques, the Barraca de Curucull features a conical roof assembly similar to that of traditional wood-fired bread ovens found on the island. The walls are made from local marés sandstone, a breathable material that regulates humidity, making it ideal for the hot summers of Mallorca. However, this material can be less effective in winter when combined with low temperatures.
The roof's conical shape is achieved through a false dome construction, utilizing the technique of "petxines" to transition from a square to a rectangular base, enhancing the structure's stability and durability.
Quality and Preservation:
Many of these huts have been well-preserved, allowing for close inspection of their construction methods. For instance, the Barraca de Curucull near Santanyí is in excellent condition, with its domed construction and walled outside coral areas still intact.
Efforts are ongoing to maintain and restore these traditional structures, as they are integral to Mallorca's cultural heritage. The Consell de Mallorca provides resources on dry-stone work and hiking, offering explanations, drawings, and photos on the huts' construction and usage.
In summary, the Barraca de Curucull exemplifies the ingenuity of traditional Mallorcan architecture, utilizing local materials and construction techniques to create functional and enduring shelters that have stood the test of time.